Cinchona in world checklist of selected plant families. Cinchona officinalis pdf several species of cinchona are the natural source of quinine, which has long been used worldwide as a. Definition of cinchona pubescens in the dictionary. The literature of the cinchona hybrids is hopelessly confused by the same name being frequently used by different authorities for the different hybrids and the one hybrid having various names. Cinchona species definition of cinchona species by the. Project muse biology and impacts of pacific island. Biology and impacts of pacific island invasive species. Impact of the introduced tree cinchona pubescens vahl. This species can also be found natively growing in bolivia, columbia, costa rica, panama, peru and venezuela. One of these, collected by the botanist and explorer richard spruce from the western slopes of. Cinchona pubescens, the quinine tree, is known for because its bark has a lot of quinine. Andersson 1998 finally resolved and simplified the taxonomy of the genus cinchona and, in particular, the confusion surrounding the identification of the quinine species of commerce. Cinchona tree definition of cinchona tree by the free dictionary. The bark of some species contains quinine and is useful against malaria.
Cinchona pubescens hawaiian ecosystems at risk project. Cinchona is a type of tropical evergreen trees, and it has white or pink aromatic flowers that are all clustered together. Learn more about cinchona plants and their history of use against malaria. Growing at altitudes between and 3,300 m, it is one of 23 species in the genus cinchona and has a natural distribution from costa rica to bolivia. Cinchona tree definition of cinchona tree by the free. Cinchona alkaloids are in extensive uses, not only for drugs but also for soft drink. Data source and references for cinchona pubescens quinine from the usda plants database. Below is a phylogenetic tree that i recreated of the three domains based on molecular data analysis. Anggota genus ini berupa tanaman perdu besar atau pohon kecil hijau abadi yang tumbuh hingga ketinggian 515 meter kulit pohonnya merupakan sumber dari berbagai jenis alkaloid, yang paling dikenal adalah kuinina, suatu senyawa antipiretik penawar demam yang terutama. Quinine and other alkaloids extracted from cinchona bark are still being used for medicinal purposes today and the. Since impacts caused by individual trees could anticipate consequences of a closed canopy of an invader, we studied the response of galapagos native plants to quinine cinchona pubescens trees. The bpep recognizes the whole or cut, dried bark of cinchona pubescens vahl c.
Pdf cinchona pubescens vahl red quinine is an evergreen tree ranging in height from 10 to 25 m with broad leaves and white or. Cinchona calisaya quinine cinchona officinalis quinine cinchona pubescens quinine legal. Cinchona pubescens is a member of this kingdom because it is multicellular, its cells are organized into tissues and have cell walls, and it obtains nutrients by photosynthesis. In this country, the tree can be found inhabiting altitudes from 3003900 meters above sea level. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Many species in these vegetation zones are threatened according to iucn redlist criteria valencia et al. Cinchona calisaya pdf the plant has long been used medicinally by the native people of s. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page.
We sell cinchona bark from cinchona officinalis which is the bark used for medical purposes and is the same. No artificial chemicals or flavors here just the real herbs, spices, and fruits. His was the first revision since 1878 prendergast and dolley, 2001. Cinchona pubescens vahl french polynesia society islands tahiti island national tropical botanical garden u. Automated multiple development thin layer chromatography of some plant extracts.
Cinchona pubescens simple english wikipedia, the free. Cinchona benefits and side effects naturalalternativeremedy. Cinchona is native to south america, where its species are not all well differentiated, are morphologically variable, and hybridize freely especially in cultivation, where numerous artificial hybrids have been created. Cinchona is used in eye lotions to numb pain, kill germs, and as an astringent. Quinoline alkaloids in suspension cultures of cinchona ledgeriana. Cinchona pubescens health effects and herbal facts. Manual removal has been practiced in the galapagos, but this is labour intensive.
It is native to costa rica, venezuela, ecuador, peru and bolivia. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 40760 with original publication details. Cinchona pubescens, native from andean south america north to costa rica, has been cultivated in various tropical regions of the world mainly for use in the production of quinine, a medicine used to treat malaria, which is obtained from the root and bark of the tree. Impacts of quinine cinchona pubescens trees on native vegetation in gala. The introduction of several species into cultivation in the same areas in india and java, respectively, by the english and dutch east india companies led to the formation of hybrids. Growing at altitudes between and 3,300 m, it is one of 23 species in the genus cinchona and. Manual methods, including felling adults and pulling out. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Cinchona pubescens is a widely cultivated tropical forest tree which. Cinchona pubescens is most native to the andes mountains in ecuador. America to treat fevers and a range of other conditions.
Pdf biology and impacts of pacific island invasive species. Cinchona pubescens has grown uncontrolled on some islands, such as the galapagos, where it has posed the risk. The board of trustees of the royal botanic gardens, kew. Media in category cinchona pubescens the following 57 files are in this category, out of 57 total. For centuries, cinchona alkaloids were the primary treatment of malaria. Cinchona alkaloids from cinchona succirubra and cinchona ledgeriana. Cinchona pubescens has been cultivated in tropical regions e. It is known as a medicinal plant for its barks high quinine content and has similar uses to cinchona officinalis in the production of quinine, most famously used for treatment of malaria. Cinchona was recently monographed by andersson mem. Mean annual temperature and precipitation were downloaded to 30 s resolution.
Cinchona, genus of about 23 species of plants, mostly trees, in the madder family rubiaceae, native to the andes of south america. Pdf cinchona is the most commercially important genus of the family rubiaceae coffee. Cinchona extract is also applied to the skin for hemorrhoids, ulcers, stimulating hair growth, and managing varicose. Cinchona pubescens, also known as red cinchona and quinine, is native to central and south america. Cinchona adalah genus beranggotakan sekitar 25 spesies dari suku rubiaceae yang berasal dari amerika selatan tropika. Several species of cinchona are the natural source of quinine, which has long been used worldwide as a treatment. A manual of cinchona cultivation in india internet archive. Cinchona pubescens vahl is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus cinchona family rubiaceae. Leaves are shaped from broadly elliptic or oval to broadly oblong, are rather thin, conspicuously veined, somewhat pubescent beneath and turn red with age while persisting on the tree. Proper usage and audio pronunciation of the word cinchona pubescens. A few species are reportedly naturalized in central america, jamaica, french polynesia, sulawesi, saint helena in the south atlantic, and. Cinchona pubescens, also known as red cinchona and quina quechua in spanish cascarilla, cinchona. Approximately 700 metric tons of cinchona alkaloids is harvested annually.
Some people use cinchona for mild attacks of influenza, swine flu, the common cold, malaria. Cinchona wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas. It is also used for blood vessel disorders including hemorrhoids, varicose veins, and leg cramps. Any of various evergreen trees and shrubs of the genus cinchona, native chiefly to the andes, some species of which are cultivated for their bark, which contains quinine and other alkaloids used chiefly to treat malaria.
This herb is indigenous to plant life in the amazon rainforest and is celebrated for its wide variety of health advantages. Pdf cinchona pubescens iii4 cinchona pubescens vahl, 1790. It has similar uses to cinchona officinalis in making quinine, used for treatment of malaria. All are native to the tropical andean forests of western south america. An cinchona pubescens in uska species han magnoliopsida nga ginhulagway ni vahl. The plants database includes the following 3 species of cinchona. Cinchona pubescens, native from andean south america north to costa rica, has. Cinchona definition of cinchona by medical dictionary. An cinchona pubescens in nahilalakip ha genus nga cinchona, ngan familia nga rubiaceae.
Cinchona is a genus of flowering plants in the family rubiaceae containing at least 23 species. Cinchona pubescens is a small to rather large tree up to 10m high. Data source and references for cinchona pubescens quinine. Cinchona pubescens, also known as red cinchona and quina quechua is native to central. Cinchona pubescens vahl red quinine is an evergreen tree ranging in height from 10 to 25 m with broad leaves and white or pink fragrant flowers arranged in clusters. Cinchona pubescens lyman plant house, smith college dsc01930.